Kobelyaky
edge is the blessed earth, where of human making not beauty of nature is filled
with charming and fabulousness, where every corner breathes history, where the
past closely interlaces with contemporaneity, giving to the habitants and
guests of these places the unique feeling of direct closeness to the events of
grey antiquity.
Archaeological sights testify that
territory of our edge was populated yet in the days of a neolith( VI - III of millennium B.C.). Scythians and сармати
lived here, and from II of century A.D. these fertile earth slavs began to
process.
After
the mongolian conquest( ХIII of century ) of the territory of present Kobelyaky
district at first accustomed fugitives from feudal oppression, what tendons in
difficult of access places. During ХIV - ХV of centuries everywhere penetrate
Lithuanian, and from the second half of ХVI- of го are Polish feudal lords.
At the first half of the ХVII century the
first record of the settlement Kobelyaky is found.
The first writing mention about the
settlement under the name of Kobelyaky reached to us due to maps, made
І.Danker and F.Devit . On the map of the
French engineer Boplan, done in 1630-1646, the settlement of "Kobilak” is
marked a conditional icon as a new city. At the same time with his founding
there was Кобеляцька fortress. Located on a cape hill on the right bank of
Vorskla river, she was an important strong point on the way of the Tatar
forwards.
In
1648, when the Poltava regiment was formed,
Kobelyaky in the grade of one
hundred small town entered his
composition. Local cossacks participated actively in Liberation war of the
Ukrainian people against the Polish gentry.
A settlement quickly grew due to
fugitives from Dnepr. In 1660-1668 2 hundreds were counted in him. At the beginning ХVIII of century in a small
town lived 9,5 thousand persons.
In the North war-time a Kobelyaky edge
found oneself in the whirlpool of important events. After a defeat under
Poltava on June, 27, 1709 through these earth Carl ХII escaped with bits and
pieces of the army that finally capitulated near Trans-shipment. Then in a
captivity the 16-thousandth Swedish army seemed with an artillery, treasury and
other property .
ХVIII of century is marked for this edge development
of trade, why a location promoted nearby Kobelyaky of trade highways on Tavria.
at the end ХVIII of century 10 wooden
churches operated in Kobelyaky - such
amount was not in any district city of the Poltava province in ХІХ and ХХ
centuries.
On March, 27, 1803, in a year on the
origin of the Poltava province, in her composition it was formed Kobelyaky
district with a center in Kobelyaky.
Through Kobelyaky trade highways lay on
Katerynoslav, Poltava and Krementchuk,, as well as before, 5 fairs were here
conducted a volume on a year( Troitsk, Assumption, Paraskovia, Mykolaiv,
Verbensk), that especially famous trading in a cattle. From the end ХVІІІ of
century a city became one of important trade-handicraft centers of Poltava,
among what Kobelyaky differed in the developed weaving( in 1805 106 weavers
worked here ), a dressmaker ( 54 and 53 men )
prospered also. The basic types of activity, as well as everywhere,
agriculture and trade were. Many people ride for salt to Crimea and on Don for
fish, taking out there from a district mainly groats and seed. Factories were
not, 2 plants had produced a brick( by the way, the cheapest in a province ), 2
- saltpetre, at one plant brewed beer. About 30 aquatic and windy mills, a few
dairies and smithies, operated. The extraordinarily important source of
municipal incomes was the winy tax farming ( after the sum of the tax farming a
city was the third on Poltava.
Steppes of Kobelyaky district were
especially suitable for the sheep breeding, here grew the sheep of grey mainly
Engaged
in also the tribal growing of horse ( 3 plants ), cattle ( 3 plants ).
It was not observed in the plant-grower
of drastic alternations. Large attention it was begun to spare to the economic
use of useless earth. Began to plant a potato, here and there grew melons and
water-melons that successfully were for sale on verge of province. To the end
of century shallow economies treated old-fashioned tools .
In 70th through a district a railway lay
Poltava-Krementchuk, it brought back to life trade-productive relations
considerably. From 1859 a district hospital was opened in Kobelyaky, in
1887 - hospital with an out-patient's
clinic, and afterwards - municipal. Four schools, прогімназії, many schools,
functioned also, in the end ХІХ - at the
beginning ХХ of century was opened yet woman gymnasium, commercial school. Worked brewing, brick plants, plant of waxen
candles. 8 churches functioned.
At the beginning ХХ of century of
Kobelyaky continued development. A zemstvo and sole proprietors built many
brick houses for different establishments, accommodations and shops separate
from them saved and until now. In 1910 on initiative a surgeon M. L.
Ivanenko a new apartment was built for a
hospital, that became one of the best in a province. 3 central streets built 2
blow-wells in 1913 a telephone exchange appeared in city.
In
1910 in Kobelyaky, where lived over 11000 persons, there were three
steam-engines, four sausage and five pastry plants, two plants of mineral
waters, пивоварня and printing-house. Then Kobelyaky district counted a 21
volost, 663 settlements among that - New Sangary, Carychanka, Kyshenky, Mayachka,
Koselschyna, Govtva. In 1915 the population of district presented over 281,1 thousand
persons, in Kobelyaky lived 16209 persons.
Turned around large trouble for Kobelyaky
district 30th. Losses of population from golodomor, rozkurkulennya, repressions
were one of most in area of and presented 25,3 % comparatively by a з1926 year.
In Kobelyaky the amount of habitants grew short on 18,9 %. Even consequences of
fascist occupation were not such frightful.
Presently
Kobelyaky district is located in forest-steppe and steppe natural zones of
south part of the Poltava area, has square 1823 sq.km of His population is 54,1 thousand persons among
that 17,9 thousand, 36,2 thousands city-dwellers - rural. Center of district ,
that is for 75 kilometres from aPoltava. On territory of Kobelyaky district
that borders from Koselschyna, by Krementchuk, New Sangary, Reshetilovka
districts of the Poltava area and Carychanka by the Dnipropetrovsk district, located a 101 settlement.
Municipal, settlement and 26 village soviets. Territories of district pass railway
Poltava - Krementchuk, motorways Poltava - Kirovohrad, Sumy – Kryvyy Rig,
Myrhorod - Nikopol. 5 rivers most from that Vorskla and Oril flow. There is the Dniprodzerzhynsk
storage pool on a south.
The
industrial complex of district presents 22 enterprises.Specific gravity in him
belongs to food industry (88 %). 226 small enterprises and 1257 sole
proprietors operate also.
An agrarian complex Kobelyaky district is
presented 44 by agricultural enterprises and 101 by a peasant-farmer economy. A
general area of farmlands is 125,1 thousands and, including 98,6 thousands and
to plough-land. Basic industries of plant-grower( 86 % patterns of agrarian
production ) are growing of grain-crops, sugar beets, seed of sunflower.
Stock-raising industry is presented by the cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep
breeding and poultry farming.
The educational system is introduced by
43 general schools, 1 vocational school,
38 preschool and out of school establishments. Medical service of population is
carried out central district hospital, 5 other hospitals, 5 out patient's
clinics, 3 out-patient's clinics of domestic medicine, 43 medical assistant points. Kobelyaky operate the district center of
culture and leisure, 44 club establishments, is 3 state and 20 public museums,
45 libraries.
MY
SMALL LAND
My
village... Here all native: house, people, even storks that tirelessly twist a
cosy home on, it seemed, to nobody to the unnecessary dry willow. Nobody knows,
when dried up and willow, but the oldest habitants of Ivanivka remember, that
on her always lived stork.
Going
along a village, intercepts a spirit from the green sea of gardens. Every spring
peasants with pleasure breath in the sweet aroma of apricots, cherries,
apples. The unchanging decoration of Ivanivka
is a wonderful chestnut avenue. It is
always good: and in a snow winter day, when the sprigs of trees sleep under the
white blanket, and in autumn, when yellow-crimson leaves twinkle as tongues of
hearth, and in a spring-summer period, when chestnuts primp in bright green
paints and become the mestome of hiding-place in a summer heat.
When
Ivanivka was and that showed by itself know, appealing to the historical
sources.
And
that it for a village? To know it is
wider possible about him, appealing to historical data.
A
village of Ivanivka is the center of village soviet, located after 25 км from a
district center and after 18км from the railhead of Lischynivka. Primitive name
of village - Myrkalivka. The first
writing mention about the village of Ivanivka is dated the end of 18th century,
when land on the left bank of Vorskla
the Russian empress Kateryna ІІ gave to the participants of defeat of
Zaporizhska Sich. In 1796 р status of village gets Myrkalivka is possession of
major Myrkalov. The first wooden church was built in 1796 .
At
the beginning ХІХ of century here lived 64 men, and after a census in 1859
30 courts and 234
habitants were Counted . In 1879
on money of squire І. К. Myrkalov lithoidal
Preobrazhenska was built church. Later at her church school was opened .in 1900
in Ivanivka that entered then there were 42 economies and 291 habitant to
Chorbivka volost of Kobelyaky district.
After 10 years the great number of population grew almost twice.
From
1918 Ivanivka became the center of village soviet that in 1923 entered in the
complement of Kobelyaky district. Then
552 persons lived in a village . And today here is a 461 court, 1086 habitants,
2 farms : operate "Agava” and "Lugove”.
Work general school I - ІІІ of degrees,
district hospital, house of culture, library, public museum, separation of
connection and Oschad Bank.
This
comfortable corner of Kobelyky land is
the motherland of many known cultural figures. The natives of Ivanivka are the
Ukrainian painter, honoured worker of
arts of UKRAINE
D.Bezuglyy
(1914 - 1977), prominent artists of
diaspore are an artist А. Kolomyec (plank beds. in 1927 ) and
poet U. Kolomyec (born 1930р.), minister of internal
affairs of Ukraine (2004-2005) general-lieutenant V.Zhyk (born in 1946),
general-lieutenant O. Vasylenko (born in 1954),
honoured doctor of Ukraine
О. Chygryn.
Aleksey V. Kishinskiy © 2011 All rights Reserved
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